| a. not a partial ordering because it is not asymmetric and irreflexive equals antisymmetric |
| b. a partial ordering since it is asymmetric and reflexive |
| c. a partial ordering since it is antisymmetric and reflexive |
| d. not a partial ordering because it is not antisymmetric and reflexive |
| Answer: not a partial ordering because it is not asymmetric and irreflexive equals antisymmetric |